Clonezilla(再生龍)lite-server(輕量伺服器)-透過網絡批量克隆電腦
| 前言: |
Clonezilla是一款免費開源的硬碟克隆軟件，是以dd的的形式備份系統。因為越來越多的電腦使用GPT的分割表格式來啟動系統(即使用UEFI開機模式)，所以Clonezilla對多個平台 (包括Windows，Linux，macOS，FreeBSD等) 的備份和還原有很好的支持。
| 目錄內容: |
| 限制條件: |
- 網絡克隆時必需錯開現在網絡，即不能共用現在的網絡環境，可以斷開Switch的Up-Link實現。
- 客戶端電腦可以透過
iPXE進行網路啟動，同時BIOS要停用Secure Boot功能。 - 目的分割區的大小必須等於或者大於原來的分割區大小(因為是以
dd的的形式備份)
| Clonezilla lite-server 設置: |
到Clonezilla官方網頁下載最新版的clonezilla-live-2.7.2-39-amd64鏡像及燒錄到USB裝置來啟動Clonezilla lite-server。
| 預先制作好還原鏡像及放到 lite-server 的硬碟內 |
- 伺服器以
HP ProDesk 400 G4 MT為範例
開機按F9啟動菜單，選取UEFI - USB Storage USB Storage'
按Enter - (第1個選項是 Clonezilla Live 的預設模式)
按Enter - 選擇語⾔
按Enter - 選擇鍵盤
按Enter - 使用Clonezilla
選擇 lite-server 按Enter
按Enter - 啟動再⽣龍輕量伺服器
選擇 netboot - 客戶端會從PXE或者uEFI網路開機讀取檔案，再按Enter
選擇 start-new-dhcpd - 以啟動DHCP服務，再按Enter
選擇local_dev 來指定本機硬碟作為家⽬錄，再按Enter
其他選項, 如：ssh_server,samba_serverornfs_server等， 是透過網路存取還原鏡像檔 (當還原鏡像不是儲存在本機硬碟時)。
幾秒後就會顯⽰本機裝置掃描的結果，按下Ctrl-C中⽌掃描
我這裡是選擇sda3作為家目錄，再按Enter
按Enter - 免檢查
選取還原鏡像的儲存路徑，我是存放在sda3硬碟的TEMP目錄內，按TAB，選擇Done，再按Enter
選擇 Beginner - (初學者模式)
選擇"massive-deployment - 實現批量部署
選擇from-image - 從還原鏡像檔來部署 (預先制作好還原鏡像及放到lite-server的sda3硬碟內)
如果整隻硬碟已經是還原的檔案，直接選取from-device
選擇restoredisk - 還原整隻硬碟
選擇還原的鏡像檔案，我這裡只有一個選項，TAB 選 OK 再按 Enter
選擇要還原之⽬標硬碟再按 Enter
選擇是否要檢查還原鏡像檔，按 Enter
選擇還原鏡像檔之後，客戶端要進行動作，我選擇reboot，按 Enter
選擇multicast，按 Enter
選擇clients+time-to-wait模式，按 Enter
部署的客戶端數量和等待的時間
我這裡範例中是10部客戶端電腦需要克隆，輸入10，按 Enter
預設等待300秒，按 Enter
到這裡，Clonezilla lite-server 設置部份已經完成。
| 客戶端電腦透過「iPXE」 進行網路還原: |
- 客戶端以
HP ProDesk 400 G4 MT為範例
開機按F10進入UEFI菜單，選取Legacy Support Disable and Secure Boot Disable'
按F10儲存設定
按隨機4位授權碼確認停用Secure Boot
電腦重新開機按F9進入Boot Menu(開機菜單)，選取UEFI N/W - IPV4 Network ......進行網路啟動
載入Clonezilla lite-server >> multicast的還原鏡像，按 Enter
等待自動化完成克隆，然後重新開機。
可以透過網路喚醒(Wake-on-LAN)，實現多部客戶端機器同時開機自動部署，可以很好地慳回時間和人力成本。| 當所有客戶端機器都完成後 |
返回到Clonezilla lite-server 輕量伺服器 上按兩次y來結束所有部署的服務。
在客戶端部署的過程中，不能按y停止，因為部署服務會中斷，而無法完成部署。
選擇關機poweroff，按 Enter
| 結語: |
個人用家我更推薦使用Dism++備份和還原，但在教育中心或者學校等環境使用Clonezillalite-server網絡批量克隆電腦絕對是生產力的好助手。
| 參考資料: |
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[...]Clonezilla (再生龍) lite-server (輕量伺服器)- 透過網絡批量克隆電腦[...]
[...]Clonezilla (再生龍) lite-server (輕量伺服器)- 透過網絡批量克隆電腦[...]